Alpine (automobile)" redirects here. For the Sunbeam auto model, see Sunbeam Alpine. For the Chrysler car model, see Simca 1307.Alpine is a France manufacturer of racing and also sports cars that utilized rear-mounted Renault engines.Jean Rédélé, the founder of Alpine, was originally a Dieppe garage proprietor, who began to achieve considerable competition success in one of the few French cars produced soon after the Second World War. The company was obtained in 1973 by Renault. Production of Alpine types ceased in 1995 and you'll find plans to relaunch this marque from 2017 onwardsUsing Renault 4CVs, Rédélé gained class wins in numerous major events, including the Mille Miglia and Coupe des Alpes. As his experience with all the little 4CV built way up, he incorporated many modifications, including for example, special 5-speed gearboxes replacing an original 3-speed unit. To provide a lighter car he built many special versions with light aluminium bodies: he drove in these kind of at Le Mans in addition to Sebring with some success in the early 1950s.Encouraged by the development of the cars and consequent purchaser demand, he founded the Société Anonyme des Cars Alpine in 1954. The firm was named Alpine after his Coupe des Alpes success. He did not understand that in England the last year, Sunbeam had introduced a sports coupe based on the Sunbeam Talbot and also called the Sunbeam Alpine. This naming problem was to cause problems regarding Alpine throughout its history.
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Within 1955, he worked with the Chappe brothers to get amongst the pioneers involving auto glass fibre construction and produced a smaller coupe, based on 4CV mechanicals and called the Alpine A106. It used the platform chassis on the original Renault 4CV. The A106 achieved quite a few successes through the 1950s and was joined with a low and stylish cabriolet. Styling for this car was contracted for the Italian designer Giovanni Michelotti. Under the glassfibre body was an extremely stiff chassis based with a central tubular backbone which has been to be the hallmark coming from all Alpines built.Alpine then took the actual Michelotti cabriolet design and developed a 2+2 closed coupe body correctly: this became the Alpine A108, now featuring the Dauphine Gordini 845 closed circuit engine, which on later models was bored out to provide a capacity of 904 cc or) 998 closed circuit. The A108 was created between 1958 and 1963In 1962, the A108 began to get produced also in South america, by Willys-Overland. It was the Willys Interlagos (berlineta, coupé and convertible).Willys Interlagos Berlineta, the Brazilian A108By now the car's mechanicals were needs to show their age within Europe. Alpine was already functioning closely with Renault and once the Renault R8 saloon had been introduced in 1962. Alpine redeveloped their chassis and made several minor body changes to allow using R8 mechanicals.This new car has been the A110 Berlinette Tour de France, named after a successful run with the Alpine A108 in the actual 1962 event. Starting with a 956 closed circuit engine of 51 bhp (37 kW), the same chassis in addition to body developed with relatively minor changes through the years to the stage exactly where, by 1974, the little car has been handling 1800 cc engines developing 180 bhp (134 kW)+. With a competition weight for that car of around 620 kg (1, 367 lb), the performance was excellent.Alpine achieved increasing achievement in rallying, and by 1968 ended up allocated the whole Renault rivalry budget. The close collaboration allowed Alpines for being sold and maintained in France by normal Renault shops. Real top level success were only available in 1968 with outright wins in the Coupe des Alpes and also other international events. By this time the competition cars were fitted together with 1440 cc engines derived from the Renault R8 Gordini. Competition successes became many, helped since Alpine were the first company fully to exploit your competition parts homologation rules.
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With 1971, Alpine achieved a 1-2-3 finish inside the Monte Carlo rally, using cars with engines derived from the Renault 16. In 1973, they repeated the 1-2-3 Monte Carlo result and proceeded to win the World Rally Championship outright, beating Porsche, Lancia and Ford. During all of on this occasion, production of the Alpine A110 increased and manufacturing deals have been struck for A110s and also A108s with factories in many other countries including The world, Mexico, Brazil and Bulgaria.1973 brought the international petrol crisis, which had profound results on many specialist car manufacturers worldwide. From a total Alpine creation of 1421 in 1972, the numbers of cars sold dropped to 957 in 1974 and also the company was bailed out via a takeover by Renault. Alpine's problems had recently been compounded by the need to enable them to develop a replacement for your A110 and launch the car just when European petrol prices leapt over the roof.Through the 1970s, Alpine continued to strategy the A110, and later the Alpine A310 alternative car. However, to compete with Alpine's success, other manufacturers developed more and more special cars, notably the Lancia Stratos that was based closely on this A110's size and rear-engined strategy, though incorporating a Ferrari serp. Alpine's own cars, still based on the 1962 design and employing a surprising number of manufacturing parts, became increasingly uncompetitive. In 1974 Alpine built a series of factory racing Renault 17 Gordinis (one driven by Jean-Luc Thérier) that won the Press in Regardless World Rally Title round in Michigan, USA.
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In truth, having achieved the move championship, and with Renault money now fully behind them, Alpine had set their sights over a new target. The next aim ended up being to win at Le Mans. Renault had also taken over the Gordini tuning firm and merged both to form Renault Hobby. A number of progressively successful sports racing vehicles appeared, culminating in the 1978 Le Mans win with the Renault Alpine A442B. This was fitted having a turbo-charged engine; Alpine had been the primary company to run in and win a major international rally with a turbo car dating back 1972 when Jean-Luc Thérier needed a specially modified A110 to victory for the Critérium des Cévennes.1971 also saw Alpine start off construction of open steering wheel racing cars. Initially in Formula Three in just a year they were creating Formula Two cars also. [4] Unfortunately without a competitive Renault Formula A pair of engine available the F2 cars could neither be generally known as Renaults or Alpines although powered by Ford-Cosworth and also BMW engines and were labelled Elf 2 as well as later Elf 2J. A Renault 2. 0 litre engine arrived in time for Jean-Pierre Jabouille to win the European Formula 2 Championship in 1976. By this time Alpine together with Jabouille driving had designed a Formula One car like a testing mule which lead straight away to their entry into your Formula One world world-class in 1977. A second European Formula 2 championship followed using René Arnoux in 1977 with the customer Martini team, before Alpine sold the particular F2 operation to Willi Kauhsen to focus on the Le Mans and Formula One programs.
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