Alpine (automobile)" redirects here. For the Sunbeam automobile model, see Sunbeam Alpine. For the Chrysler automobile model, see Simca 1307.Alpine is a France manufacturer of racing along with sports cars that applied rear-mounted Renault engines.Jean Rédélé, the founder of Alpine, was originally a Dieppe storage area proprietor, who began to obtain considerable competition success in mostly of the French cars produced soon after the Second World Conflict. The company was obtained in 1973 by Renault. Production of Alpine models ceased in 1995 and there are plans to relaunch this marque from 2017 onwardsUsing Renault 4CVs, Rédélé gained class wins in many major events, including the Mille Miglia along with Coupe des Alpes. As his experience with the little 4CV built way up, he incorporated many alterations, including for example, special 5-speed gearboxes replacing the original 3-speed unit. To provide a brighter car he built quite a few special versions with light aluminium bodies: he drove in these at Le Mans and also Sebring with some success from the early 1950s.Encouraged by the development these cars and consequent customer demand, he founded the Société Anonyme des Cars Alpine in 1954. The firm was referred to as Alpine after his Coupe des Alpes success. He did not know that in England the previous year, Sunbeam had introduced a sports coupe produced by the Sunbeam Talbot and also called the Sunbeam Alpine. This naming problem was to cause problems for Alpine throughout its heritage.
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With 1955, he worked with the Chappe brothers being amongst the pioneers regarding auto glass fibre construction and produced a small coupe, based on 4CV mechanicals and called the Alpine A106. It used the platform chassis on the original Renault 4CV. The A106 achieved a number of successes through the 1950s and was joined by the low and stylish cabriolet. Styling for this car was contracted to the Italian designer Giovanni Michelotti. Under the glassfibre body was an incredibly stiff chassis based on a central tubular backbone which was to be the hallmark coming from all Alpines built.Alpine then took the Michelotti cabriolet design along with developed a 2+2 closed coupe body for this: this became the Alpine A108, now featuring the Dauphine Gordini 845 cc engine, which on later designs was bored out to offer a capacity of 904 closed circuit or) 998 closed circuit. The A108 was constructed between 1958 and 1963In 1962, the A108 began to become produced also in South america, by Willys-Overland. It was the Willys Interlagos (berlineta, coupé and convertible).Willys Interlagos Berlineta, the Brazilian A108By now the car's mechanicals were needs to show their age within Europe. Alpine was already working closely with Renault and when the Renault R8 saloon has been introduced in 1962. Alpine redeveloped their chassis and made quite a few minor body changes to allow the employment of R8 mechanicals.This new car ended up being the A110 Berlinette Excursion de France, named after a successful run with the Alpine A108 in your 1962 event. Starting with a 956 cc engine of 51 bhp (37 kW), the same chassis as well as body developed with relatively minor changes through the years to the stage exactly where, by 1974, the little car ended up being handling 1800 cc machines developing 180 bhp (134 kW)+. With a competition weight with the car of around 620 kg (1, 367 lb), the performance was outstanding.Alpine achieved increasing good results in rallying, and by 1968 was allocated the whole Renault opposition budget. The close collaboration allowed Alpines for being sold and maintained throughout France by normal Renault shops. Real top level success started in 1968 with outright wins within the Coupe des Alpes along with other international events. By this time competition cars were fitted having 1440 cc engines produced from the Renault R8 Gordini. Competition successes became several, helped since Alpine were the 1st company fully to exploit other sellers parts homologation rules.
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With 1971, Alpine achieved a 1-2-3 finish from the Monte Carlo rally, using cars with engines based on the Renault 16. In 1973, they repeated the 1-2-3 Monte Carlo result and took to win the Earth Rally Championship outright, beating Porsche, Lancia and Ford. During all of these times, production of the Alpine A110 enhanced and manufacturing deals have been struck for A110s in addition to A108s with factories in many other countries including Spain, Mexico, Brazil and Bulgaria.1973 brought the intercontinental petrol crisis, which had profound consequences on many specialist automobile manufacturers worldwide. From a total Alpine production of 1421 in 1972, the numbers of cars sold dropped to 957 in 1974 and also the company was bailed out via a takeover by Renault. Alpine's problems had also been compounded by the need so they can develop a replacement to the A110 and launch the auto just when European petrol prices leapt through the roof.Through the 1970s, Alpine continued to campaign the A110, and later the Alpine A310 replacing car. However, to compete with Alpine's success, other manufacturers developed increasingly special cars, notably the Lancia Stratos which was based closely on your A110's size and rear-engined notion, though incorporating a Ferrari engine. Alpine's own cars, still based on your 1962 design and employing a surprising number of production parts, became increasingly uncompetitive. In 1974 Alpine built a series of factory racing Renault teen Gordinis (one influenced by Jean-Luc Thérier) that won the Press about Regardless World Rally Championship round in Michigan, USA.
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The truth is, having achieved the move championship, and with Renault money now fully in it, Alpine had set their sights on a new target. The next aim had been to win at Le Mans. Renault had also bought out the Gordini tuning firm and merged the 2 to form Renault Sports activity. A number of progressively successful sports racing vehicles appeared, culminating in the 1978 Le Mans win with all the Renault Alpine A442B. This was fitted with a turbo-charged engine; Alpine had been the first company to run in and win an international rally with a turbo car dating back 1972 when Jean-Luc Thérier took a specially modified A110 to victory within the Critérium des Cévennes.1971 also saw Alpine start construction of open wheel racing cars. Initially in Formula Three in a year they were making Formula Two cars as well. [4] Unfortunately without the competitive Renault Formula A couple engine available the F2 autos could neither be generally known as Renaults or Alpines whilst powered by Ford-Cosworth in addition to BMW engines and have been labelled Elf 2 in addition to later Elf 2J. A Renault 2. 0 litre engine arrived in time for Jean-Pierre Jabouille to win the European System 2 Championship in 1976. By this time Alpine along with Jabouille driving had constructed a Formula One car as a testing mule which lead on to their entry into this Formula One world champion in 1977. A second European System 2 championship followed with René Arnoux in 1977 with all the customer Martini team, before Alpine sold the actual F2 operation to Willi Kauhsen to focus on the Le Mans in addition to Formula One programs.
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